16.2 `true': Do nothing, successfully

bitpirate · 2008-02-23 Reply Admin

Make sure you run /bin/true directly, most shells have a built in true that is called instead of the "real" true.

2008-02-23 Reply Admin

Interestingly, an empty file does not work as "true" on a modern Linux system ("exec format error"), but a file containing just a newline does.

aquanight · 2008-02-24 Reply Admin

I like how no one seems to have commented on the /bin/true shown here having an interpreter line pointing in /usr/, which in emergency situations might not be mounted or mountable (if your system has /usr/ on a seperate partition). Meaning a tool in /bin/ which is supposed to be reliable in an emergency is rendered useless. Heaven help you if your root/system bashrc/cshrc/whatever depends on /bin/true (why? I dunno).

Sure it could just be that /usr/ is just a symlink back to / and this isn't a problem. But is every system setup like that? (I only know of cygwin that actually does that.)

Granted, in theory, /bin/ might be as unavailble as /usr/ in an emergency. But in that case, you're screwed as you have no fsutils or even a /bin/sh for init to use.

2008-02-24 Reply Admin

my /bin/true:

mov eax, 1 mov ebx, 0 int 0x80

enough said.

2008-02-24 Reply Admin

I don't know why anybody is making light of True/False - these are actually useful applications in shell scripting on linux/*nix. If you've ever wanted something to repeat itself indefinitely you would use the while(true) do {} construct.

2008-02-24 Reply Admin

motsats:
a.k.a Gridlock: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gridlock

This is probably one of the rare instances where the term is used correctly. It annoys the heck out of me when people, especially radio traffic reporters, whom you would think would know better, use "gridlock" to mean a simple traffic jam; i.e., a car wreck or just plain old "too many cars and not enough pavement".

Yeah, I get annoyed easily. And, yes, I understand that the usage of the term has drifted, but still. . .

Wanna make somethin' of it?

2008-02-24 Reply Admin

Regarding

/bin/true

, I note that under Red Hat Linux, it's an approximately 14K byte executable. . . and it takes command line options, including "help":

/bin/true --help
Usage: /bin/true [ignored command line arguments]
  or:  /bin/true OPTION
Exit with a status code indicating success.

These option names may not be abbreviated.

      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit

Report bugs to <[email protected]>.

2008-02-24 Reply Admin

Regarding

/bin/true

, I note that under Red Hat Linux, it's an approximately 14K byte executable. . . and it takes command line options, including "help":

/bin/true --help
Usage: /bin/true [ignored command line arguments]
  or:  /bin/true OPTION
Exit with a status code indicating success.

These option names may not be abbreviated.

      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit

Report bugs to <[email protected]>.

2008-02-24 Reply Admin

When will alex start paying for submissions? He makes money from this site and according to his shitty comic you should always be paid.

Publius · 2008-02-24 Reply Admin

fu:
When will alex start paying for submissions? He makes money from this site and according to his shitty comic you should always be paid.

Wondering how long before your (and this) comment gets deleted. For those of you just tuning in, Alex has disabled comments on the comics and has been deleting comments that mention that he's doing it. If it pisses you off that he's ignoring the interests of all the people that contribute to this website, stop contributing. We'll see how long the site lasts without content.

Eternal Density · 2008-02-24 Reply Admin

WhiskeyJack:
vt_mruhlin:
...gridlock!

????

Profit!

The Italian Job?

2008-02-25 Reply Admin

Publius:
fu:
When will alex start paying for submissions? He makes money from this site and according to his shitty comic you should always be paid.

Wondering how long before your (and this) comment gets deleted. For those of you just tuning in, Alex has disabled comments on the comics and has been deleting comments that mention that he's doing it. If it pisses you off that he's ignoring the interests of all the people that contribute to this website, stop contributing. We'll see how long the site lasts without content.

Whilst I don't agree with the deletion of comments. I suggest a far more effective way to get to your goal is to ignore the comic entirely. I don't understand why you are reading it if you don't like it but should traffic to those comics be low enough, they will be pulled in time (think of a poor TV show).

Having everyone refuse to submit content results in a site no one can enjoy, given enough time, that quality will not come back, regardless of the comic's fate.

2008-02-25 Reply Admin

FreeBSD /usr/src/usr.bin/true/true.c:

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1988, 1993
 *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
 *    must display the following acknowledgement:
 *      This product includes software developed by the University of
 *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/true/true.c,v 1.6 2003/02/19 00:18:13 peter Exp $
 */

#ifndef lint
static const char copyright[] =
"@(#) Copyright (c) 1988, 1993\n\
        The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
#endif /* not lint */

#ifndef lint
static const char sccsid[] = "@(#)true.c        8.1 (Berkeley) 6/9/93";
#endif /* not lint */

int
main(void)
{
        return 0;
}

2008-02-25 Reply Admin

hikari:
In the UK we have yellow hatched markings in our box junctions. They mean exactly the same thing though; you can't enter the junction unless your exit is clear.
[image]

I'd make a joke about entering boxes here, but I don't want to lower the tone.

2008-02-25 Reply Admin

Oooh, it's like an expert version of one of those puzzles where you have to rearrange the tiles by sliding one at a time, where there is only space for one tile to move at a time. You know, where you get them all in the right place it makes a picture?!

Except I think someone forgot to leave one tile out so that you can move them :(

2008-02-25 Reply Admin

Okay so they've got 'true' down, and presumably there is a corresponding 'false' too. Now all they need is the 'FileNotFound'. I guess that one should be easy!

2008-02-25 Reply Admin

A Bus! SIGBUS

2008-02-25 Reply Admin

The version history will likely be license changes.

pscs · 2008-02-25 Reply Admin

Steve:
This is probably one of the rare instances where the term is used correctly. It annoys the heck out of me when people, especially radio traffic reporters, whom you would think would know better, use "gridlock" to mean a simple traffic jam; i.e., a car wreck or just plain old "too many cars and not enough pavement".

True gridlock is where the only way out of it is if you either (a) hire a crane, or (b) get a police man along to force people to go the "wrong" way.

If all the cars in the boxed bit of the junction just decided to turn right (when safe to do so), the gridlock would clear in about 10 seconds, but they're all too stubborn/dumb to do that (well, apparently some did, since there are some cars at the top right which could only have done that)

What puzzles me is the white van who seems to be on the wrong side of the road at the top left - I'm not quite sure what he's doing...

Of course if all the traffic lights are stuck on green, then the problem will happen again shortly, as the two main directions (top left <-> bottom right) will block the other stream (from top right), so they will eventually pull out to try and get across and block everything up. Mr police man with wavy arms is the only solution in that case.

pscs · 2008-02-25 Reply Admin

Jb:
My uncle who is a county traffic engineer for a major US city comments that this reminds him of the typical requests he gets from citizens. I've heard this one before:
caller: You need to change intersection X. Traffic's getting backed up at rush hour! engineer: ...uh, ok. what's wrong with it? caller: it needs more green time so more people can get through! engineer: for which road? caller: both. engineer: (stunned silence)

Maybe the caller wasn't good at explaining himself. You will generally get more throughput if the lights are 3 minutes green/3 minutes red than if they're 10 seconds green/10 seconds red.

That might be what he meant (of course it may be that he was just dumb)

2008-02-25 Reply Admin

Wow, you must have an incredibly slow 64 bit machine to take 25 seconds for the default true binary..

Some hiccough probably, I only tried it once. This is about average:

real 0m11.640s user 0m4.548s sys 0m6.252s

Funny how the user time is almost three times that of the 25s case. It's a 2.3 GHz Xeon BTW, easily outperformed by most P4s on trivial things, it's just that it keeps its speed up whatever you throw at it :)

2008-02-25 Reply Admin

TRWTF is that there is no new article since 3 days!

Martin Dreier · 2008-02-25 Reply Admin

Brazilian Guy:
eryn:
i call bullshit on the whole thing, they only black and white cars, it's probably a movie shoot for some commercial, u just can't see the crew, used to work in the industry as a student, saw this type of thing all the time...

Being a Brazilian myself and living abroad right now, I can say that when I saw the picture, even before reading any text, my first thought was "That looks just like Brazil". From my point of view it's not bullshit at all!

By the way, the traffic rules in Brazil are completely twisted. Stop signs don't mean stop at all, they just mean the same as the white triangle, even though there are white triangle signs in Brazil as well.

Captcha: valetudo (portuguese for "everything goes" or "all allowed")

Heh...when I saw the picture first, I though "Well, that must be from India". Then I read it's from Brazil ... let's just say, in India this might still be called fluent traffic ;). In a large city, anyways, it's just like that every day. I used to walk the last 500 metres or so to my apartment, because I would be there faster than the bus.

2008-02-25 Reply Admin

Gonzalo:
What's the deal with black cars in Sao Paulo? Half of them are black!

Actually, it's pretty hard to see other car colors than black, dark red or silver around here these days. Still, I'd rather have a black car here than OMG-steal-me-now yellow or you-will-never-sell-it-later-even-for-10%-of-its-price light green.

2008-02-25 Reply Admin

Claxon:
[image]

So you are a greengrocer? ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostrophe#Greengrocers.27_apostrophes )

2008-02-25 Reply Admin

Wow, you must have an incredibly slow 64 bit machine to take 25 seconds for the default true binary..

Some hiccough probably, I only tried it once. This is about average:

real 0m11.640s user 0m4.548s sys 0m6.252s

Funny how the user time is almost three times that of the 25s case. It's a 2.3 GHz Xeon BTW, easily outperformed by most P4s on trivial things, it's just that it keeps its speed up whatever you throw at it :)

KenW · 2008-02-25 Reply Admin

Publius:
stop contributing.

Great idea! Why don't you start us off?

ParkinT · 2008-02-25 Reply Admin

Claxon:
[image]

No wooden table, that is what's wrong!!

2008-02-25 Reply Admin

[quote]Better than British Gas, who automatically direct debit a fixed amount that has nothing to do with the amount on your (estimated) bill[/blockquote] Cingular billed me 3 early termination fee on my 3 phones 3 times in a month - after I halted payment because they were withdrawing all 3 phones 3 times a month. Their argument was I had to pay my bill before they would investigate my complaint that I went from fully paid to owing 900+ in 3 months - with no overages or other charges & a family plan totaling $120/mo for 18 months prior.

2008-02-25 Reply Admin

Dammit! I sprayed Mt Dew all over my monitor!

Claxon:
[image]

2008-02-25 Reply Admin

So...The lying, attention-whoring, stealing-and-TAKING-CREDIT twit who submitted the gridlock picture isn't banned and/or publicly humiliated (in the ARTICLE itself, not just in the comments) why exactly?

He plaigarized. He took credit for someone else's photo. He essentially lied to the staff here.

Why is this community tolerating that kind of douchebaggery?

String him up.

2008-02-25 Reply Admin

Linux has a man page for /bin/true:

TRUE(1) User Commands

NAME true - do nothing, successfully

SYNOPSIS true [ignored command line arguments] true OPTION

DESCRIPTION Exit with a status code indicating success.

   --help display this help and exit

   --version
          output version information and exit

   NOTE:  your  shell may have its own version of true, which usually supersedes the version described here.
   Please refer to your shell’s documentation for details about the options it supports.

AUTHOR Written by Jim Meyering.

REPORTING BUGS Report bugs to [email protected].

COPYRIGHT Copyright © 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This is free software. You may redistribute copies of it under the terms of the GNU General Public License http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO The full documentation for true is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and true programs are properly installed at your site, the command

          info true

   should give you access to the complete manual.

File: coreutils.info, Node: true invocation, Next: test invocation, Prev: false invocation, Up: Conditions

PLUS an info page

16.2 `true': Do nothing, successfully

true' does nothing except return an exit status of 0, meaning "success". It can be used as a place holder in shell scripts where a successful command is needed, although the shell built-in command:' (colon) may do the same thing faster. In most modern shells, true' is a built-in command, so when you usetrue' in a script, you're probably using the built-in command, not the one documented here.

true' honors the--help' and `--version' options.

Note, however, that it is possible to cause true' to exit with nonzero status: with the--help' or `--version' option, and with standard output already closed or redirected to a file that evokes an I/O error. For example, using a Bourne-compatible shell:

 $ ./true --version >&-
 ./true: write error: Bad file number
 $ ./true --version > /dev/full
 ./true: write error: No space left on device

This version of `true' is implemented as a C program, and is thus more secure and faster than a shell script implementation, and may safely be used as a dummy shell for the purpose of disabling accounts.

==================

The WTF is the documented true failure modes.

2008-02-25 Reply Admin

Claxon:
[image]

Sure, it show's you your bill, but it also just goe's to show that when they send you screenshot's, sometime's you can have problem's when you try to see all the billing line's. Doe's it mean they could leave out some item's? You'll never know! Their processe's must be really messed up.

Oop's! That last line should read:

There processe's must be really messed up.

Thats better. :P

real_aardvark · 2008-02-25 Reply Admin

sormond:
I don't know why anybody is making light of True/False - these are actually useful applications in shell scripting on linux/*nix. If you've ever wanted something to repeat itself indefinitely you would use the while(true) do {} construct.

Well, it's certainly not like there's an alternative to this construct, is it? Even shell scripts that don't have an exact C syntax -- and they are rare indeed -- would find it difficult to manage something like

while [ 1 == 1 ] do; echo "He's dead, Jim"; done

I think somebody should write to Dennis Kernighan, or somebody.

However, I think the point was about the implementation and the revision numbers: not the dubious nature of "true."

2008-02-25 Reply Admin

hikari:
In the UK we have yellow hatched markings in our box junctions. They mean exactly the same thing though; you can't enter the junction unless your exit is clear.
[image]

Thanks for clarifying this point. I thought the yellow markings meant something like: "Hey, let us all drive on the wrong side of the road!".

2008-02-26 Reply Admin

aquanight:
I like how no one seems to have commented on the /bin/true shown here having an interpreter line pointing in /usr/, which in emergency situations might not be mounted or mountable (if your system has /usr/ on a seperate partition). Meaning a tool in /bin/ which is supposed to be reliable in an emergency is rendered useless. Heaven help you if your root/system bashrc/cshrc/whatever depends on /bin/true (why? I dunno).
Sure it could just be that /usr/ is just a symlink back to / and this isn't a problem. But is every system setup like that? (I only know of cygwin that actually does that.)

Granted, in theory, /bin/ might be as unavailble as /usr/ in an emergency. But in that case, you're screwed as you have no fsutils or even a /bin/sh for init to use.

Fixed.

Claxon · 2008-02-26 Reply Admin

Rhialto:
Claxon:
<Screenshot>
So you are a greengrocer? ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostrophe#Greengrocers.27_apostrophes )

Hmm. I do tend to get a little excited about apostrophes at times. Possibly because if I put them in my code, it fails to compile - so I get more time to argue that changing "just the language files, main menu layout, and image files", after porting & testing has been completed, is a stupid idea.

2008-02-26 Reply Admin

1

2008-02-26 Reply Admin

i am from mumbai, india and that looks like normal rush hour to me. The lights are not to be blamed, they work for the most part. The truly amazing thing is how quickly these things clear up, provided the police dont interfere. It involves driving on the kerb though. I mean, i am not going to let a stupid traffic jam stop me from getting on with my life and my business, am I :)

2008-02-26 Reply Admin

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. */

#include <config.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include "system.h"

/* Act like "true" by default; false.c overrides this. */ #ifndef EXIT_STATUS

define EXIT_STATUS EXIT_SUCCESS

#endif

#if EXIT_STATUS == EXIT_SUCCESS

define PROGRAM_NAME "true"

#else

define PROGRAM_NAME "false"

#endif

#define AUTHORS "Jim Meyering"

/* The name this program was run with. */ char *program_name;

void usage (int status) { printf (_("
Usage: %s [ignored command line arguments]\n
or: %s OPTION\n
"), program_name, program_name); printf ("%s\n\n", (EXIT_STATUS == EXIT_SUCCESS ? "Exit with a status code indicating success." : "Exit with a status code indicating failure.")); fputs (HELP_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout); fputs (VERSION_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout); printf (USAGE_BUILTIN_WARNING, PROGRAM_NAME); printf (("\nReport bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT); exit (status); }

int main (int argc, char **argv) { initialize_main (&argc, &argv); program_name = argv[0]; setlocale (LC_ALL, ""); bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR); textdomain (PACKAGE);

atexit (close_stdout);

/* Recognize --help or --version only if it's the only command-line argument. */ if (argc == 2) { if (STREQ (argv[1], "--help")) usage (EXIT_STATUS);

  if (STREQ (argv[1], "--version"))
version_etc (stdout, PROGRAM_NAME, GNU_PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTHORS,
	     (char *) NULL);
}

exit (EXIT_STATUS); }

Random832 · 2008-02-27 Reply Admin

MET:
I blame the drivers. The junctions are clearly boxed (the yellow diamonds) so they should not have pulled out until there was somewhere to get out. Only a moron blindly pulls forward without thinking just because the lights told them to.

If the intersection was empty when they pulled into it they can hardly be blamed when the people to their right also pulled into it, blocking their way out after they were already in the intersection. Or did it escape you that this is a photograph of a single intersection, and not four?

Random832 · 2008-02-27 Reply Admin

SomeCoder:
Actually, nevermind, I found where it is ILLEGAL in California to block the intersection:
"(a) Notwithstanding any official traffic control signal indication to proceed, a driver of a vehicle shall not enter an intersection or marked crosswalk unless there is sufficient space on the other side of the intersection or marked crosswalk to accommodate the vehicle driven without obstructing the through passage of vehicles from either side."

From: http://www.dmv.ca.gov/pubs/vctop/d11/vc22526.htm

So yes, I live in America where blocking the intersection is illegal. Doesn't mean that people don't do it though.

Of course, since any car in front of you may come to a sudden and complete stop at any time for any reason or no reason at all, the only way to comply with this law is to maintain a following distance of the width of the entire intersection plus the length of your car. And that's if you ignore the possibility that the other car may not only stop but start backing up.

Random832 · 2008-02-27 Reply Admin

Aidan:
Christophe:
hallo.amt:
You know, there is also a program called false

That can't be true!!!

There's also the non-existant filenotfound...

$ filenotfound filenotfound: No such file or directory

seems to work fine for me.

Random832 · 2008-02-27 Reply Admin

[image]

2008-02-27 Reply Admin

For those of you who are curious.

> uname -a
SunOS xxxx.xxxx.xxxx 5.8 Generic_117350-39 sun4u sparc SUNW,Ultra-5_10

> cat /bin/true
#!/usr/bin/sh
#       Copyright (c) 1984, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989 AT&T
#         All Rights Reserved

#       THIS IS UNPUBLISHED PROPRIETARY SOURCE CODE OF AT&T
#       The copyright notice above does not evidence any
#       actual or intended publication of such source code.

#ident  "@(#)true.sh    1.6     93/01/11 SMI"   /* SVr4.0 1.4   */

> cat /bin/false
#!/usr/bin/sh
#       Copyright (c) 1984, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989 AT&T
#         All Rights Reserved

#       THIS IS UNPUBLISHED PROPRIETARY SOURCE CODE OF AT&T
#       The copyright notice above does not evidence any
#       actual or intended publication of such source code.

#ident  "@(#)false.sh   1.6     93/01/11 SMI"   /* SVr4.0 1.3   */
exit 255

For reference,

> cat /bin/basename
#!/usr/bin/sh
#       Copyright (c) 1984, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989 AT&T
#         All Rights Reserved

#       THIS IS UNPUBLISHED PROPRIETARY SOURCE CODE OF AT&T
#       The copyright notice above does not evidence any
#       actual or intended publication of such source code.

#ident  "@(#)basename.sh        1.7     93/01/11 SMI"   /* SVr4.0 1.8   */
if [ $# -gt 2 ]
then
        echo >&2 "Usage:  basename [ path [ suffix-pattern ] ]"
        exit 1
fi
#       If no first argument or first argument is null, make first argument
#       "."  Add beginning slash, then remove trailing slashes, then remove
#       everything up through last slash, then remove suffix pattern if
#       second argument is present.
#       If nothing is left, first argument must be of form //*, in which
#       case the basename is /.
exec /usr/bin/expr \
        "/${1:-.}" : '\(.*[^/]\)/*$' : '.*/\(..*\)' : "\\(.*\\)$2\$"  \|  \
        "/${1:-.}" : '\(.*[^/]\)/*$' : '.*/\(..*\)'    \|  \
        "/${1:-.}" : '.*/\(..*\)'

2008-04-23 Reply Admin

Well, think of how much faster it is in binary...

Seahen · 2010-04-11 Reply Admin

Finally, we know what the three-valued boolean type was for! It was for exit status codes.

$ true & false & filenotfound & filenotfound: command not found [1]- Done true [2]+ Exit 1 false [3]+ Exit 127 filenotfound

2010-12-16 Reply Admin

Yet I do not have another telephone number I can use or a second computer I can use, as I know that will allow me to at least post one additional posting by having a least one additional phone number to set up a 3rd CL account.

2010-12-17 Reply Admin

Yesterday I got an email from Craigslist and I could only check on my phone so I couldn't see the real email address and it said the POST/EDIT/DELETE thing saying I tried posting a vibrator. Is this normal for Craigslist to get this or are people scamming me?

2010-12-21 Reply Admin

There is absolutely no way I would ever use Comcast for ANYTHING! Their customer service is totally sh!t!

The Comcast "Bill", A Buggy Traffic Light, and More

16.2 `true': Do nothing, successfully

define EXIT_STATUS EXIT_SUCCESS

define PROGRAM_NAME "true"

define PROGRAM_NAME "false"

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